我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)起源于(yu)1984年，國(guo)務院頒(ban)布了《國(guo)務院關于(yu)改(gai)(gai)革建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)和基(ji)本建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)管理體制若干問題(ti)的(de)(de)暫行(xing)規定》，明(ming)確建(jian)(jian)立(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)公司，專門組織工(gong)(gong)業(ye)交通等生(sheng)產性建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)項目，從1984年到(dao)2003年，國(guo)務院、國(guo)家計 委、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、財政部(bu)(bu)(bu)、中國(guo)人民建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)銀行(xing)、國(guo)家物資局陸續出臺相關文(wen)件規范和倡導工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，2003年到(dao)2016年工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)逐步(bu)在工(gong)(gong)業(ye)領域(yu)探索和發(fa)展，民用(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)領域(yu)較少采用(yong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)模式進行(xing)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)，2016年隨(sui)著住建(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)布《住房城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)(bu)關于(yu)進一步(bu)推(tui)進工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)發(fa)展的(de)(de)若干意見》：“深化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)項目組織實施方(fang)式改(gai)(gai)革，推(tui)廣工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)制，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)質量和效益，大(da)力推(tui)進工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)，有利于(yu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)項目可行(xing)性研究和初步(bu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計深度(du)，實現設(she)(she)(she)(she)計、采購(gou)、施工(gong)(gong)等各階段工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)深度(du)融(rong)合，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)水平”的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)出，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)逐步(bu)在房屋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)和市政領域(yu)全(quan)面展開，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)進入了一個快速(su)發(fa)展期(qi)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)發(fa)展歷程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)詳下表：

據有關資料統計，目前我國工程總承(cheng)包產(chan)值占(zhan)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)產(chan)值的10%左(zuo)右(you)，隨著房屋建(jian)筑與市(shi)政工程領域工程總承(cheng)包業(ye)(ye)務的全面推(tui)廣，工程總承(cheng)包業(ye)(ye)務產(chan)值比(bi)例不斷擴大。

但(dan)是，目(mu)前我國工程(cheng)總承包業務在(zai)實施過程(cheng)中工程(cheng)總承包模式的(de)不(bu)合(he)理利用、發包人要求不(bu)明確、工程(cheng)范圍不(bu)明確等一系列(lie)問(wen)(wen)題，本文擬通過對工程(cheng)總承包工程(cheng)實踐(jian)過程(cheng)中的(de)典(dian)型問(wen)(wen)題深度剖析，提出適應于工程(cheng)總承包的(de)以(yi)投資控制為(wei)主線的(de)全過程(cheng)工程(cheng)咨詢(xun)體系與全過程(cheng)工程(cheng)咨詢(xun)管控重點，以(yi)期為(wei)工程(cheng)總承包的(de)健(jian)康、持續(xu)發展(zhan)奠(dian)定基(ji)礎(chu)。

工程(cheng)總承(cheng)包工程(cheng)實(shi)踐典(dian)型問題概括來說就是，三個不(bu)(bu)合理，兩個不(bu)(bu)明確(que)，一個不(bu)(bu)匹配(pei)，即工程(cheng)總承(cheng)包模(mo)式(shi)的(de)不(bu)(bu)合理，發(fa)承(cheng)包階段的(de)不(bu)(bu)合理，咨詢單位能力結構(gou)不(bu)(bu)合理，招標發(fa)包人要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)明確(que)，工程(cheng)范圍不(bu)(bu)明確(que)，合同計價模(mo)式(shi)不(bu)(bu)匹配(pei)，具體(ti)情況如下：

2.1 工程總承包模式的不合理

EPC工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)模(mo)式適用于建(jian)設(she)規模(mo)、建(jian)設(she)標準、功(gong)能需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，EPC工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)別于施工(gong)(gong)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)最大的(de)(de)一個特點就是EPC工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)應在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)前期充(chong)分(fen)研究項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)規模(mo)、建(jian)設(she)標準、功(gong)能需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，并以此為基礎(chu)合理(li)確(que)定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合同總(zong)(zong)價，但是，在(zai)EPC工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)實(shi)踐過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中往(wang)往(wang)從工(gong)(gong)期角度對采用新(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝，建(jian)設(she)規模(mo)、建(jian)設(she)標準、功(gong)能需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)不明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實(shi)施EPC工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)模(mo)式，從而為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)實(shi)施帶(dai)來投資(zi)控制和項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)風險，對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)順利實(shi)施形成(cheng)障礙。

2.2 發承包階段的不合理

EPC工(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)包在(zai)可(ke)研未批(pi)復(fu)、方案未確(que)定或可(ke)研已批(pi)復(fu)但勘察資(zi)料不(bu)(bu)明的情況下(xia)進行招標(biao)，由于(yu)方案的不(bu)(bu)穩定，投(tou)資(zi)的不(bu)(bu)確(que)定，勘察的不(bu)(bu)明確(que)，可(ke)能(neng)給EPC工(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)包帶來(lai)風(feng)險(xian)，從而失(shi)去EPC工(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)包的初衷和意義。

以某辦(ban)公樓項(xiang)(xiang)目為(wei)例，該項(xiang)(xiang)目采用工程總承(cheng)包(bao)模(mo)(mo)式進行建(jian)設(she)，招標階段為(wei)可行性研究批復后，合(he)同計價(jia)模(mo)(mo)式為(wei)總價(jia)模(mo)(mo)式，工程總承(cheng)包(bao)范圍(wei)包(bao)括勘察、設(she)計、施工，合(he)同約定(ding)地質(zhi)風險由(you)承(cheng)包(bao)人承(cheng)擔(dan)，在(zai)該項(xiang)(xiang)目實施過程中，承(cheng)包(bao)人發現本項(xiang)(xiang)目地質(zhi)情況(kuang)很差(cha)，其樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)長度(du)遠超(chao)過其投標時根(gen)據周邊地塊(kuai)地質(zhi)情況(kuang)考慮的樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)長度(du)，樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)超(chao)深(shen)(shen)導致樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)單方造價(jia)由(you)100元/平米增加到(dao)200元/平米，其樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)超(chao)深(shen)(shen)增加費用遠超(chao)過承(cheng)包(bao)人承(cheng)受范圍(wei)，導致該項(xiang)(xiang)目由(you)于樁(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)超(chao)深(shen)(shen)原因甲乙雙方圍(wei)繞(rao)項(xiang)(xiang)目產生爭(zheng)議而影響項(xiang)(xiang)目的順利實施。

2.3 咨詢單位咨詢能力結構不合理

EPC工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)建設(she)模式(shi)下(xia)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)由(you)傳統施工(gong)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)模式(shi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五方責任(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)（建設(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、勘察單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、設(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、監理(li)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、施工(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)）轉變為三(san)方責任(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)（建設(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)），工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)模式(shi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)方責任(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)載在(zai)(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、造價(jia)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)(wei)(wei)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服(fu)務工(gong)作，但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)目(mu)前工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)踐(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，很多(duo)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)只(zhi)是(shi)設(she)計(ji)、造價(jia)、招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)、監理(li)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)兩個(ge)或以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單(dan)(dan)(dan)組合，但是(shi)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)應具備設(she)計(ji)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、造價(jia)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)(wei)(wei)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服(fu)務能力，全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)服(fu)務能力結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不完(wan)整(zheng)，特別是(shi)設(she)計(ji)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺失，是(shi)無法(fa)為工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施提供有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

2.4 招標發包人要求不明確

從上(shang)表可(ke)以看出，目(mu)(mu)前市場上(shang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包發(fa)包人(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)集中在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)概況、設(she)計(ji)(ji)任(ren)務書、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)界面(mian)、現(xian)場管(guan)理要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、材料設(she)備參考品(pin)牌中的(de)(de)兩項(xiang)或幾項(xiang)的(de)(de)組合，很(hen)明顯這(zhe)(zhe)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包對于(yu)發(fa)包人(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)內容差異很(hen)大，由于(yu)發(fa)包人(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)缺失可(ke)能給工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)實施帶來項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理風險、審(shen)計(ji)(ji)風險和法律風險，某項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)為采用(yong)總價計(ji)(ji)價模式的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，由于(yu)發(fa)包人(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不明確(que)，在(zai)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)時審(shen)計(ji)(ji)認為無法判斷合同總價與實際實施工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價值的(de)(de)符合性， 要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)按照竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙和現(xian)行(xing)定額進(jin)行(xing)計(ji)(ji)算，這(zhe)(zhe)種要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)雖然既不合理，也不合法，但(dan)是(shi)從審(shen)計(ji)(ji)角度來看，發(fa)包人(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)明確(que)隱藏(zang)在(zai)國有(you)資產流失的(de)(de)風險。

2.5 工程范圍的不明確

施工總承包(bao)模(mo)式和工程總承包(bao)模(mo)式下工程范圍的(de)表(biao)達方式是不(bu)同的(de)，具體詳下表(biao)：

從上圖(tu)(tu)可以看出，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)總承包模式(shi)(shi)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)范(fan)圍(wei)由(you)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)描述(shu)(shu)(shu)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量清單、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)計圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共同構成，而(er)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包模式(shi)(shi)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)范(fan)圍(wei)則(ze)由(you)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)描述(shu)(shu)(shu)、方案設(she)計圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)初步(bu)設(she)計圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構成，由(you)于(yu)方案設(she)計圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、初步(bu)設(she)計圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計深(shen)度不夠、技術(shu)參數不明確，需要通過文(wen)字(zi)(zi)描述(shu)(shu)(shu)或(huo)其他方式(shi)(shi)來(lai)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)范(fan)圍(wei)進行深(shen)度表(biao)達，但是在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實踐中，往(wang)往(wang)由(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)不明確帶來(lai)造價界面的(de)爭議。

2.6 合同計價模式不匹配

根據對某大型工程總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)企業在建工程總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)項目計價模式(shi)的調(diao)研，其計價形式(shi)詳下表： 

從上(shang)(shang)表(biao)可(ke)以看(kan)(kan)出，該企(qi)業在建工程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)項(xiang)目11個(ge)(ge)，其中采用模擬清單計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目2個(ge)(ge)，采用定(ding)額(e)費率下(xia)浮的(de)(de)(de) 8個(ge)(ge)，采用總(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形式(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)1個(ge)(ge)，模擬清單與定(ding)額(e)費率下(xia)浮計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)模式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)占比達(da)到(dao)(dao)90.9%，由此可(ke)以看(kan)(kan)出，目前市場上(shang)(shang)很(hen)多工程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形式(shi)(shi)與工程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)的(de)(de)(de)核心思想是(shi)錯(cuo)位的(de)(de)(de)，根(gen)據有關數據統計(ji)(ji)，由于計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形式(shi)(shi)錯(cuo)位導致工程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)結算價(jia)(jia)(jia)格超合同價(jia)(jia)(jia)格情況非常普遍，有的(de)(de)(de)超投資比例(li)達(da)到(dao)(dao)100%，因此，工程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)模式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)位所帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)問題和風險是(shi)非常大的(de)(de)(de)。

本文剖析的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包實踐過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)典型問題“三個(ge)(ge)不合理，兩個(ge)(ge)不明(ming)確，一個(ge)(ge)不匹(pi)配”，根本原因(yin)在于(yu)建設(she)單(dan)位、咨(zi)詢(xun)單(dan)位均未充(chong)分(fen)認識到工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包與施(shi)工(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包的(de)(de)(de)核心差異(yi)，只是按傳統的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包管理方式(shi)對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包進行(xing)管理，從而產生了一系列的(de)(de)(de)問題，這些問題反過來制約了工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包的(de)(de)(de)健康發(fa)展，工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包與施(shi)工(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包差異(yi)情況詳下表：

由上述工程總承包與施工總承包的差異可見，工程總承包由于前期資料深度的制約，對咨詢單位的能力提出了更高的要求，主要體現在建筑策劃、合約規劃、合同策劃、造價管理、設計管理、招標咨詢、項目管理的全方位咨詢服務能力，傳統的單一服務模式已經不能滿足工程總承包發展的需求。

住建部、國家發改(gai)委發布的(de)(de)《房(fang)屋建筑(zhu)和市政基礎設施(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包(bao)管理辦(ban)法》也明(ming)確提(ti)出：全過(guo)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)咨詢服(fu)務企業(ye)利(li)用自身在(zai)管理、技術、法律(lv)等方面的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)知識，接受業(ye)主的(de)(de)委托，通過(guo)對總承包(bao)商(shang)的(de)(de)監督、管理和咨詢服(fu)務，將對項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)順利(li)進(jin)行提(ti)供保(bao)障，有(you)利(li)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總承包(bao)市場的(de)(de)健康發展。

本文(wen)通過(guo)(guo)對(dui)工(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)實踐中(zhong)典型問題的(de)(de)分析，并結合工(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)模(mo)式與(yu)施工(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)模(mo)式的(de)(de)差異分析，提(ti)出適應于(yu)工(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程工(gong)程咨(zi)詢(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)思(si)路(lu)，工(gong)作(zuo)內容(rong)與(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)重(zhong)點(dian)。

因此(ci)(ci)，全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)與工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)組織模式改(gai)革的(de)一體(ti)兩翼(yi)，傳統建(jian)設(she)(she)模式下的(de)五(wu)方責(ze)任主體(ti)轉變為(wei)三(san)方責(ze)任主體(ti)，全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)單位(wei)承(cheng)擔工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)項目(mu)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)咨詢(xun)(xun)、招標(biao)咨詢(xun)(xun)、造(zao)價咨詢(xun)(xun)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)、項目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)全(quan)方位(wei)咨詢(xun)(xun)服務工(gong)(gong)作，而以(yi)投資控制為(wei)主線的(de)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)，通過(guo)貫穿工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)咨詢(xun)(xun)、招標(biao)咨詢(xun)(xun)、造(zao)價咨詢(xun)(xun)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)、項目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)，實現(xian)技術與經濟的(de)深度融合，為(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)項目(mu)的(de)順利推進提(ti)供技術保(bao)(bao)(bao)障、組織保(bao)(bao)(bao)障、能(neng)力結構(gou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障，因此(ci)(ci)，全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)承(cheng)包(bao)高質量(liang)發展的(de)重要保(bao)(bao)(bao)障。

4.1 全過程工程咨詢總體思路

本文探索的(de)(de)以投資控(kong)制為(wei)主(zhu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)咨詢(xun)在工(gong)程(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)，主(zhu)要是(shi)基于工(gong)程(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)實踐過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)存在的(de)(de)三個不(bu)(bu)合理，兩個不(bu)(bu)明確，一個不(bu)(bu)匹配(pei)等典型問(wen)題，以問(wen)題為(wei)導向，以發(fa)展為(wei)目標，深度探索適應工(gong)程(cheng)總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)特點的(de)(de)以投資控(kong)制為(wei)主(zhu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)咨詢(xun)。

以(yi)投資控制(zhi)(zhi)為主(zhu)(zhu)線的全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢是基于工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總承包特點，建立以(yi)投資控制(zhi)(zhi)為主(zhu)(zhu)線，以(yi)項目(mu)管理為抓手，以(yi)專業技術為支撐的全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢總體思路，全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢服務(wu)(wu)內容(rong)覆蓋建筑(zhu)策(ce)劃(hua)、合約規劃(hua)、合同策(ce)劃(hua)、造價管理、設計管理、招標咨(zi)詢、項目(mu)管理的全(quan)(quan)方位咨(zi)詢服務(wu)(wu)。

4.2 全過程工程咨詢主要工作

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承包(bao)項目的全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢(xun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作主要(yao)是(shi)以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承包(bao)特(te)點(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎，以(yi)咨(zi)詢(xun)總控為(wei)(wei)(wei)引領進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總承包(bao)項目全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢(xun)，圍繞三(san)個管理(li)(li)展開全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢(xun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，即：以(yi)項目清單為(wei)(wei)(wei)載(zai)體實(shi)行(xing)合(he)約一體化管理(li)(li)，以(yi)經濟分析為(wei)(wei)(wei)主線實(shi)行(xing)動(dong)態投資管理(li)(li)，以(yi)項目功(gong)能需(xu)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心(xin)進行(xing)項目交(jiao)付與(yu)結(jie)算管理(li)(li)。

全過(guo)程工(gong)(gong)(gong)程咨詢(xun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)主要(yao)包(bao)(bao)括項目(mu)總控、經濟分析、進度分析、發包(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求編制(zhi)、招標(biao)(biao)合約規劃(hua)、項目(mu)清(qing)單及最高(gao)限價(jia)或標(biao)(biao)底(di)編制(zhi)、招標(biao)(biao)咨詢(xun)、合同(tong)價(jia)款分解、設計文件符合性審核、進度支付審核、合同(tong)價(jia)款調整審核、造價(jia)動態(tai)管理、材(cai)料設備詢(xun)價(jia)、交付工(gong)(gong)(gong)程審查、結(jie)算審核等工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)構(gou)成，具體詳(xiang)下表：

4.3 全過程工程咨詢重點

4.3.1加強合約策劃，合理降低履約風險

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)咨詢需要根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)特點進(jin)行(xing)相應策劃，合(he)理(li)降低工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實施過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中的履約風(feng)險，包(bao)(bao)括合(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)(ding)發承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)階段、合(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)(ding)招標范(fan)圍與投標人資(zi)格條件、合(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)范(fan)圍、合(he)理(li)設置風(feng)險分擔機制、合(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)(ding)發包(bao)(bao)人要求。

（1）合理(li)確定發承(cheng)包階段(duan)

2016年住建部《關于(yu)進一步(bu)推進工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)發展的若干意見》指出，“建設(she)(she)(she)單位可(ke)以根據項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)特(te)點，在可(ke)行性(xing)研究(jiu)、方(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)或者初(chu)步(bu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)完(wan)成后，按照確(que)定(ding)的建設(she)(she)(she)規模、建設(she)(she)(she)標準(zhun)、投資(zi)限額、工(gong)程(cheng)質量和(he)進度要(yao)求等進行工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)發包(bao)”，從2016年到(dao)2021年，工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)市場經歷了(le)可(ke)研后、方(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)后、初(chu)步(bu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)后發包(bao)的各種工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，但是由于(yu)可(ke)研后、方(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)后發包(bao)的工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)存在勘察資(zi)料深度不夠、發包(bao)人要(yao)求不明(ming)確(que)等問(wen)題而引起交付標準(zhun)、結算價款等爭議(yi)(yi)問(wen)題，因(yin)此，適(shi)應我(wo)國國情(qing)的工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)發包(bao)建議(yi)(yi)在初(chu)步(bu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)后進行發包(bao)，《房屋建筑和(he)市政(zheng)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)管理辦法》也(ye)明(ming)確(que)提出：“政(zheng)府投資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)原則(ze)上在初(chu)步(bu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)審(shen)批完(wan)成后進行工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)發包(bao)”。

（2）合(he)理設(she)置風險分(fen)擔機制

《房屋建(jian)(jian)筑和(he)市政(zheng)基礎設(she)施(shi)項目工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》第(di)六(liu)條(tiao)、第(di)七(qi)條(tiao)、第(di)十五條(tiao)、第(di)十六(liu)條(tiao)都(dou)從不同(tong)角度(du)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)風險(xian)進行了合理(li)(li)分(fen)配(pei)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項目中，建(jian)(jian)設(she)單位和(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)單位應當加強(qiang)風險(xian)管理(li)(li)，合理(li)(li)分(fen)擔風險(xian)，主要(yao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)材料、設(she)備、人工(gong)(gong)價格波動，國家(jia)法(fa)律法(fa)規政(zheng)策變化(hua)，不可預見的(de)(de)地質(zhi)條(tiao)件，不可抗力以及建(jian)(jian)設(she)單位要(yao)求發生變化(hua)所產生的(de)(de)風險(xian)應在合同(tong)中結合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項目特點進行合理(li)(li)分(fen)配(pei)。

（3）合(he)理確定發(fa)包人(ren)要(yao)求

發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心載體，是(shi)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人對(dui)(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)具體反(fan)(fan)映，發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)不明確、不完整、不準(zhun)確都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)交付風(feng)險(xian)、投(tou)資風(feng)險(xian)、質量風(feng)險(xian)、進度(du)風(feng)險(xian)，因(yin)此(ci)，全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)單位應(ying)充分(fen)利用自身專業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)優勢，將(jiang)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人從(cong)非專業(ye)(ye)角度(du)描述的(de)(de)(de)產品需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)轉化為專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，并從(cong)專業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)角度(du)按照(zhao)《房屋建筑和市政基礎設施項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管理辦法》發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)所(suo)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)標、范(fan)圍、設計和其他(ta)技(ji)術(shu)標準(zhun)，包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)內容、范(fan)圍、規模(mo)、標準(zhun)、功能(neng)、質量、安全、節約(yue)能(neng)源、生態環境(jing)保護、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、驗收等(deng)方面(mian)進行(xing)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)策劃(hua)、整理、分(fen)析，形(xing)成與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)特點相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)《發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》，以(yi)確保發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)真正、全面(mian)反(fan)(fan)映發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建設的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，并確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)順利實施。

4.3.2 建立EPC計量計價體系，有效控制工程造價

（1）建立合理計量計價體系(xi)

根據《房屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)和市(shi)政基(ji)礎設施項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)管理(li)辦法》：“建(jian)(jian)設單位和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)單位可(ke)以(yi)在合同(tong)中約(yue)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)規則和計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方法。依(yi)法必須進(jin)行招標的項(xiang)目，合同(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)應當(dang)在充(chong)分競(jing)爭的基(ji)礎上合理(li)確定”，從2015年房屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領域(yu)開(kai)始推行工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)一直 是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)的痛點(dian)和難點(dian)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方式的錯位給工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)帶來了一系(xi)列的風險，因此，全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢單位可(ke)以(yi)結合專業技術能力，  參考《房屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)規范(fan)》（征求意見稿），以(yi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)合同(tong)為基(ji)礎，以(yi)建(jian)(jian)設單位功(gong)能需求為單元，建(jian)(jian)立(li)基(ji)于總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)合同(tong)的擴大分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目清(qing)單體系(xi)。具體如下：

1）工程(cheng)總承包計量規(gui)范(fan)（房屋建筑工程(cheng)）總體框(kuang)架結構

2）工程(cheng)總承包(bao)計量(liang)規范（房屋建筑工程(cheng)）清單示意

（2）合理(li)設置合同價款調(diao)整(zheng)方式

全過程工程咨詢在合(he)(he)同策(ce)劃時(shi)，應(ying)合(he)(he)理設(she)置合(he)(he)同價款(kuan)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，合(he)(he)同價款(kuan)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)應(ying)充分結合(he)(he)工程總承包(bao)特(te)點，從發(fa)包(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)角度進(jin)(jin)行(xing)合(he)(he)同價款(kuan)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)約定，主要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)以下(xia)三個方(fang)(fang)面：

1）法律變(bian)化(hua)：因國家的(de)法律、法規(gui)、規(gui)章和標準發生變(bian)化(hua)引起工程造價(jia)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)，應調整合同價(jia)款

2）工程變更(geng)：因(yin)發包人要求變更(geng)，涉及建設規模、建設標準、功能需(xu)求等方面的變更(geng)，應(ying)調(diao)整合同價款

3）物價波(bo)動：因人工、材料(liao)價格(ge)波(bo)動超出合(he)同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)的范圍，影響(xiang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)價格(ge)時，應采用(yong)價格(ge)指數法調整合(he)同(tong)(tong)價款

（3）重構結算(suan)方(fang)式，適應工程總承包發(fa)展方(fang)向

全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)單(dan)位在(zai)進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)結(jie)算方式(shi)策(ce)劃(hua)時(shi)，應注意結(jie)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)特(te)點，以工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)項目交付標準作為結(jie)算依據(ju)，而不是像傳統的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)方式(shi)以竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖作為結(jie)算依據(ju)，《房屋建筑(zhu)與(yu)市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng) 包(bao)(bao)計(ji)(ji)量計(ji)(ji)價(jia)規范(fan)》（征求意見稿）明確指出：“竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)算價(jia)為扣(kou)除(chu)暫列費(fei)用(yong)后的簽約合同(tong)價(jia)加（減）合同(tong)價(jia)款調整(zheng)和索賠。”，同(tong)時(shi)，全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)單(dan)位在(zai)進行(xing)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)算審核時(shi)，區別于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)結(jie)算審核應關注以下內容：

總價范圍內內容工作(zuo)內容是否按發包人要(yao)求(qiu)完成。

品牌(pai)(pai)(pai)標(biao)準審(shen)核(he)，包括(kuo)對(dui)招標(biao)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)要求品牌(pai)(pai)(pai)、材料報(bao)審(shen)品牌(pai)(pai)(pai)、現(xian)場(chang)實施品牌(pai)(pai)(pai)進行對(dui)比分(fen)析(xi)，技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準審(shen)核(he)，包括(kuo)對(dui)招標(biao)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)要求技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準、設計文(wen)件(jian)(jian)標(biao)準、材料報(bao)審(shen)標(biao)準、現(xian)場(chang)實施標(biao)準對(dui)比分(fen)析(xi)。

發包人要求變更(geng)、簽證(zheng)、索賠審(shen)核。

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)和全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)是我國建筑(zhu)業轉型升(sheng)級的(de)(de)一體兩翼，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)成、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互促(cu)進(jin)，沒(mei)有(you)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)就沒(mei)有(you)靈魂，沒(mei)有(you)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)，全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)就沒(mei)有(you)依托(tuo)，本(ben)文通過對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐中(zhong)典型問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)，并結(jie)合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)與施工(gong)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)差(cha)異(yi)分(fen)析(xi)，提(ti)出與工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)特點相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)適應(ying)的(de)(de)以投資控制(zhi)為(wei)主線(xian)的(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)，覆蓋建筑(zhu)策(ce)劃(hua)、合(he)約規劃(hua)、合(he)同策(ce)劃(hua)、造(zao)價管(guan)(guan)理、設計管(guan)(guan)理、招(zhao)標咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)、項目管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)全(quan)方位咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服務(wu)能(neng)力的(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服務(wu)模式，作者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信，以投資控制(zhi)為(wei)主線(xian)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用將(jiang)有(you)效地解決工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存在的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題，促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)健康、持續(xu)發(fa)展。